• Research on and evaluation of instructional programs is based on two broad approaches.

a) Quanitative - Numerical way of measuring classroom events and objectives.

b)Qualitative - Narrative reporting

• These two approaches are based on different conceptions.
  • Quanitative and qualitative research compared by a number of scholars discussing relations to critical research issues. 
  • Nature of Reality and Knowledge
    • Quanitative assumes there is a single external reality
    • Qualitative assumes that the world consists of multiple realities that are constructed by individuals or groups. 
  • Goals or Research
    • Quanitative - To identify relationships between variables.
    • Qualitative - To describe phenomenons from the perspective of participants.
  • Researcher's Role
    • Quanitative - Assumes the role of the detached observer (as little interaction with subject as possible)
    • Qualitative - Involves intentionally
  • Importance of Context
    • Quanitative - Phenomenon can and should be studied seperate from context.
    • Qualitative - Phenomenon is greatly influenced by it's context (they must be studied together)
  • Values in Research
    • Quanitative - Value free
    • Qualitative - Describe values and their effects
  • Cause and Effect
    • Quanitative - Effect has preceding cause
    • Qualitative - Variables are mutually and simultaneously affect each other
• Can These Two Methods be Used in the Same Study
  • Experts believe that the two methods are compatible, and that the best studies combine the two approaches.
• Judgement
  • How do we know out instructional programs are successful?
  • Should we continue with the same curriculum and grouping practices?
  • Evaluating is the act of making a judgement.